For example, hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV), a salmonid rhabdovirus that infects inland and marine farmed fish as well as a wide range of wild marine species worldwide, causing large economic losses each year. . OLE has been shown to inhibit VHSV infectivity in vitro, and is therefore considered a lead compound for the design of potential therapeutic agents for other rhabdoviruses and/or enveloped viruses.
Furthermore, olive leaf extracts, as a source of OLE, have been shown to be effective when supplied in the diet against bacterial infections such as: i) Yersininia ruckeri, inducing the positive regulation of key genes involved in stimulating the response immune, such as TNF-α, IL-8 and IL-1β, and ii) Edwardsiellatarda, increasing the survival rate and improving the immune parameters of the fish, revealed by the significant upregulation of IL-1β and TNF-α. Finally, the direct anti-inflammatory properties of OLE include the negative regulation of: i) iNOS and COX-2, two key inflammatory markers, and ii) IL-1β and IL-6, two critical proinflammatory cytokines.
